CHARAKTERISTIKA AGRO-EKONOMICKÉ DYNAMIKY UKRAJINY

Characters of the Agroeconomic Dynamics of Ukraine

charakteristika agro-ekonomické dynamiky ukrajiny

Tatiana Kalna-Dubinyuk

Address:

Faculty of Agricultural Management, National Agricultural University of Ukraine

Heroiv Oborony St., 15, 252041, Kyiv-41, Ukraine

tel.: (044) 2678564, fax.: (044) 2637155

Summary:

The purpose of my paper ”Characters of the Agroeconomic Dynamic of Ukraine” is to show how Ukraine puts into effect its economic reforms with activity today. This process has three stages and a democratic base. We have state, private and collective forms of ownership. Farmers have begun to develop in Ukraine too.

All this is needed to learn a new market economics and to decide main problems about the land, people, environment and others. That is why there is some reformation in the programs of the University. New courses appear : ”Management Information Systems”, ”Dynamic Modeling”, ”Methods Decisions Making”, ”Economic Risk Modeling”, ”Extension Education”.

Souhrn:

Záměrem mého článku “Charakterstika agro-ekonomické dynamiky Ukrajiny” bylo ukázat jak dnes Ukrajina aplikuje své ekonomické reformy. Tento proces má tři stupně a je demokraticky založen. Máme státní, soukromé a kolektivní formy vlastnictví.

Toto vše je nutné k naučení se nové obchodní ekonomie a vyřešení mnoha problémů týkajících se půdy, lidí, životního prostředí atd. Proto na univerzitách vznikají nové kurzy a programy jako např.: “Marketingové informační systémy”, “Dynamické modelování”, “Metody rozhodování”, “Extenzívní výuka”.

Key words:

Economic reforms, privatization, agricultural marketing, education, extension.

Klíčová slova:

Hospodářská reforma, privatizace, zemědělské tržní hospodářství, vzdělání, prodloužení.

Introduction

In 1991 Ukraine became an independent country.

Ukraine consists over 603,000 sq. km. and has a population of approximately 51 million people of 100 nations and nationalities.

Ukraine is divided to in 24 regions, including the Crimean Republic.

Kiev is the capital of Ukraine. There are 3 million people in Kiev.

Ukraine is situated almost in the center of Europe. We have a mild climate. There are beautiful mountains, rivers, lakes and forests in Ukraine.

The agroindustrial complex of Ukraine is a priority branch of economics. There are 30% of main assets here and more than 20% of workers being produce 40% of the gross national product.

The transfer to a market economy has meant considerable pressure on agriculture to adapt to the new economic conditions and market possibilities.

The aim of this paper is through the analysis of the reformation in agriculture, to come to reformation in agriculture education.

Agrarian reform in Ukraine and ways of its perfecting

This process has a democratic base. That means to create the equality of rights for all forms of ownership: state, private and collective.

On the base of the methodology and law materials have been provided for privatization and transformation. It involves the following process.

1. Reformation of the Estates Relation of the Ownership and Forms of Agricultural Enterprises

There were reformed 99% of collective farms and 97% of state farms by 1998.

A majority of these new entities are : agricultural collective farms(8,578), agricultural co-operatives (136), inter enterprises and organizations (837), joint-stock companies (1443), private farms (35927) and others.

2. Reformation of the Land Relation

The agricultural enterprises manage 27.3 million ha or 45.3% of total lands in Ukraine. This lands have been transferred to the owners without money.

Size Structure of Total Agricultural Land of Ukraine During Reformation

3. Reformation of Material and Technical Base of Agriculture

There is a lot of work to be done in this area. The main concerns are the refitment a technical base of the agricultural production, increased investment into agriculture, creating our own machinery industry.

Numbers of Tractors and Grain Combines of Ukraine Agriculture (thous. pcs)

Investment in Agriculture (%)

One of the progressive forms of using technology in the development of machine and technical stations.

Now we have 584 stations with 1150 tractors, 950 grain combines and other.

4. Reformation of Labor Relations in Agriculture

A stable trend for defining the members of Agricultural human resources in Ukraine. From 1986 the total annual number of employed in Agriculture went down 25%, and in the beginning of 1997 it was 21.5%.

We need to improve the labor relations in agriculture on a base of relation of the ownership.

5. Development of Production of the Main Agricultural Products and Formation of the Agricultural Market

We have real market changes in forms and methods of production and commercial decision-making today.

The agricultural marker in Ukraine has grains, sugar beets, sunflower, potatoes, vegetables.

Livestock production has meat and dairy orientation of which the main are the cattle (50%) and pig (38%).

Production of the Main Agricultural Products

Dynamics of the main agricultural crop yields in Ukraine show a certain decrease in the following crops : sugar beets, potato and vegetables.

The most productive crops in Ukraine are grains and sunflower. Dynamics of the livestock productivity has sharply fallen, resulting in losses in livestock numbers.

At the same time, the livestock numbers have grown in the private sector.

6. Reformation of the Price Policy, Finances, and Credit System

Disbalanced price relations between agricultural producers and processing companies are the reason for the losses.

Agricultural Loss, (%)

There is a lot of work to be done in the system, legal system, and the bureaucracy.

7. Development of Relations with International Countries

The position of Ukraine in the European and World agrarian market is determined by the total population, output, and per capita main agricultural and industrial goods production.

Ukraine normaly outputs per year : 60 million t. of grain, 6 million t. of sugar, 6 million t. of meat, 40 million of milk and 1.5 million t. of oil. There is only a half of all products to use input country. Another half can be exported for a total of nearly 20 million dollars.

There are more than 100 joint concerns in the agriculture of Ukraine. They have received nearly 30 million dollars from USA (1996).

Ukraine continues the development of its relations with international countries. We need foreign assistance and cooperation.

8. Reformation of the Direction and Agricultural Information System, Extension

It is based on the wide use of computers, new information technology telecommunications, data base and knowledge base, Internet, software.

The impotent new question for Ukraine to day is the development state Agricultural Extension service. We have not the same before. This system is based on the agricultural system of our country and all the best from the World Extension practice. There are three levels to work with : producer, region, country. Agricultural Extension assists producers in decision making in business .

9. Rural Social Development and Natural Resources Protection

The life level of rural population during all this years was low. The development of economic reforms on a base of the ownership plays an impotent role in the improvement of rural living conditions and the ecological safety of human life.

10. Reformation of the Agricultural Education

It is time to take a fresh look and reinvent this system to better meet

current and future needs.

These reformation changes require a new ways of thinking, working and interacting. Tat is why we worked out a new courses in our University : “Management Information Systems”, “Dynamic Modeling”, “ Methods Decision Making”, “Economic Risk Modeling”, Quantitative Methods in Economic Analysis”, Extension Education”.

CONCLUSION

Ukraine has been slow to implement economic reforms. However, Ukraine move forward with perfecting its economic reforms on a base of relation of the ownership including state, land, output, finances and labor.

It is time for reformation in Agricultural Education too.

References :

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V.Zinivchuk. Cooperative Idea in Agriculture of Ukraine and USA. - K.: Logos, 1996, 224 p.

Agricultural of Ukraine. - K.: Department of Statistics of Ukraine, 1996.

I.Bilyk. A New Agrarian Policy is the Base for Overcoming the crisis in AIC //Economic of Ukraine. - 1998. - N8. - P. 54 - 62.

T.Kalna-Dubinyuk. Information and Consulting Systems and their Market Perspectives// Perspectives of the Development Extension Service in Agriculture. - K.: Agrarian Science. - 1998, p. 32 - 36.